قرار جديد يمنح من قبل البرلمان التركي
يمنح وزير الداخلية صلاحيات وقف أنشطة منظمات المجتمع المدني في حال الاشتباه بها بدعم الإرهاب، تخوفاً لدى كثير من المنظمات من بينها المنظمات التي يديرها سوريون والعاملة في تركيا والداخل السوري، كونها تقيّد حركتهم وتكشف حالات الفساد فيها.
ومنح البرلمان التركي أمس الخميس الرئيس و وزير الداخلية صلاحية إمكانية وقف أنشطة منظمات المجتمع المدني وعزل أعضاء مجالس إدارتها وتغييرهم ووضعها تحت الوصاية أو تجميد أصولها في حال ثبت تمويلهم للإرهاب.
وتأتي هذه المادة ضمن قانون ”منع انتشار الأسلحة المدمرة وتمويل الإرهاب”، الذي أعده نواب “حزب العدالة والتنمية” الحاكم، ووفقا للمادة 15 التي وافق عليها البرلمان، سيكون بإمكان وزير الداخلية فصل إدارة الجمعيات الذين تم التحقيق معهم بتهمة الإرهاب، واستبدال مديري المنظمات غير الحكومية بـ “أمناء” إذا لزم الأمر.
وبموجب هذه المادة يجوز لوزير الداخلية تعليق نشاط أي جمعية مؤقتا، وفي الحالات التي يكون فيها الإجراء غير مناسب أو في حال التأخر، تتولى المحكمة متابعة هذا القرار في غضون 48 ساعة، وتكون الداخلية قادرة على تعيين أعضاء مجلس إدارة ليحلوا محل الأشخاص الذين تم فصلهم وفقا لأحكام قانون الجمعيات.
في حين كانت الداخلية سابقا تتمتع بصلاحية إيقاف عمل الإداريين الذين يتم التحقيق معهم بتهم “الإرهاب” حتى صدور حكم بشأنهم.
ووفقاً للقانون يمكن تقييد أنشطة جميع الجمعيات، سواء كانت جمعيات عاملة في مجال حقوق الإنسان أو في مجال الإعلام، بشكل مؤقت كإجراء احترازي، في حال فتح تحقيق ضد المديرين التنفيذيين للجمعية بسبب بيان صحفي أو مؤتمر صحفي.
وستقوم جميع الجمعيات والمؤسسات بإبلاغ وزارة الداخلية بالمساعدات والمدفوعات التي قدمتها في الخارج واستلمتها من الخارج، وتُفرض غرامة إدارية على من يتقاضون جميع أنواع الدخل والتحصيل والمصاريف والمدفوعات التي تزيد عن 7 آلاف ليرة بطرق غير البنوك.
كما سيسمح للوزارة بمراقبة أنشطة جمع التبرعات للمنظمات غير الحكومية وفرض عقوبات تصل إلى 200 ألف ليرة (حوالي 25800 دولار أمريكي) لحملات جمع التبرعات غير المصرح بها، وتلتزم جميع الجمعيات والمؤسسات بإبلاغ الوزارة بالتبرعات التي تلقتها من الدول الأجنبية.
داود: القرار ليس سيئاً وقد يخفف الفساد
وبدأت التساؤلات حول مصير الجمعيات ومنظمات المجتمع المدني السورية العاملة في تركيا.
اعتبر الدكتور مهدي داود رئيس طاولة الحلو، وهي كيان يضم مؤسسات مجتمع مدني فاعلة في داخل سوريا وتركيا، أن “القرار إلى الآن غير واضح، وهذا ما أثار تخوف المنظمات لأنه لم يحدد الجهات التي يحظر دعمها وربما يتسبب أي مشروع لأي منظمة دون علمها بإغلاقها بشكل فوري وإيقاف عملها”.
وأضاف داود في حديث لأورينت نت أن “هذه التهم كانت في السابق تتم عن طريق القضاء والمحكمة حتى يتم تثبيت الأمر، بعدها تتخذ إجراءات الإغلاق وما إلى ذلك، أما جعل يد القرار بشخص واحد يمكن أن يخلق مظلوميات لدى البعض”.
وأشار إلى أن الدولة لا تتخول من المنظمات التي تأخذ دعمها من الأمم المتحدة، لأنها بالأساس تخضع للرقابة وتعمل تحت خطة معينة، ولكن التخوف من المنظمات التي تحصل على دعم من جهات غير معروفة.
وحول سؤال له عن مدى تأثير القرار على المنظمات السورية في تركيا قال ” المنظمات والمؤسسات السورية، هي مرخصة كمنظمات تركية بالأساس، ويسري عليها ما يسري على المنظمات التركية من قوانين، والقرار لن يحد من عمل أحد لكنه سينظم آلية جمع الأموال”.
رفض تركي واسع
وتزامن ذلك مع انتقادات كبيرة من الأحزاب المعارضة التركية ومجموعة كبيرة من مؤسسات المجتمع المدني التي أصدرت بياناً مشتركاً، رفضت فيه هذه الخطوات التي من شأنها أن تنطوي على مخاطر أنشطة الجمعيات والإغاثة حسب تعبيرهم.
وأضاف البيان أن ذلك من شأنه أن يقيد مجال العمل ويعيق حقوق الإنسان والحقوق القانونية وسيشكل تهديداً للكيانات القانونية للجمعيات والمؤسسات النشطة في المجتمع المدني ومديري الجمعيات والمؤسسات والمحامين والخبراء والمتطوعين في المجتمع المدني وسيؤدي إلى فقدانهم لوظائفهم.
وفي عريضة منشورة على موقع منظمات المجتمع المدني التركي وقّع عليها مايزيد عن 500 منظمة، تقول إن مشروع القانون مخالف للدستور واتفاقيات حقوق الإنسان التي وقعتها تركيا والحقوق المكتسبة.
وجاء في العريضة أن مشروع القانون “يقيد بشدة” جمع التبرعات الخيرية وحرية تكوين الجمعيات للمنظمات غير الحكومية ويتضمن أحكاما من شأنها أن تضمن “الوصاية السياسية” لوزارة الداخلية على الجمعيات والمؤسسات.
ودعا البيان إلى إعادة النظر في القانون، وسحب المواد الخاصة بالجمعيات والمؤسسات وجمع الأموال من الاقتراح، وألا يتم تقديم مثل هذه المقترحات دون أخذ آراء الشركاء الاجتماعيين.
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